This site contains: mathematics courses and book; covers: image analysis, data analysis, and discrete modelling; provides: image analysis software. Created and run by Peter Saveliev.

From Intelligent Perception

AKA "normal distribution".

This is what you need to know: Wikipedia article if you encounter it in the image analysis setting.

However, be careful using the Gaussian for "curve fitting", like gaussfit in MATLAB (compare Sub-pixel accuracy for distance measurement).